{"id":5377991,"date":"2024-02-01T15:35:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T15:35:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.life.com\/?p=5377991"},"modified":"2024-02-01T15:42:09","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T15:42:09","slug":"penguins-how-do-you-not-love-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.life.com\/animals\/penguins-how-do-you-not-love-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Penguins: Their Extraordinary World"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The following is from the introduction to LIFE’s new special issue Penguins: Their Extraordinary World<\/em>, available at newsstands and online<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You never forget your first penguin. Mine stood atop a white slab of ice, the tuxedoed groom on a wedding cake, looking back at our passing ship slicing through the Drake Passage from Argentina to Antarctica. Thousands more awaited on that frozen continent, where gregarious birds gazed into the GoPros of tourists in rubber Zodiacs making landfall on the rocky shore of the Antarctic Peninsula. Solicitous in their feathered dinner jackets, the Adelie penguins were outgoing and unflappable, nature\u2019s maitre d\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On another continent, in another year, I stood in Nelson Mandela\u2019s former prison cell on Robben Island, off the windswept coast of Cape Town, in South Africa. The braying of African penguins had been a happy diversion to the political prisoners in their eight-by-seven concrete cells there. Ordered to gather seaweed along the island\u2019s shoreline, Mandela was delighted by the penguins, who offered modest \u201cpleasure and distraction\u201d during his 18 years there. \u201cWe laughed at the colony of penguins, which resembled a brigade of clumsy, flat-footed soldiers,\u201d he wrote. Like the Birdman of Alcatraz, dreaming of flying beyond the bars of his island prison, the men of Robben Island were given lift by the flightless penguin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long before I saw a penguin in its natural state, I had been delighted by penguins in unnatural states, encountering them from earliest childhood in superhero mythology. Burgess Meredith played the Penguin, Batman\u2019s nemesis, on the kitsch TV series of the 1960s. Penguins were a staple of vintage TV cartoons of that era (Tennessee Tuxedo or Chilly Willy) and remain so in modern animated films (the Penguins of Madagascar <\/em>and Happy Feet <\/em>franchises). Penguins star in live-action films (Mr. Popper\u2019s Penguins<\/em>, based on a 1938 book of the same name) and movies that combine animation and live action (the cartoon penguin waiters in Mary Poppins<\/em> charmed their costar Dick Van Dyke). Penguins front everything from prestige documentaries to Munsingwear golf shirts to the professional hockey team in Pittsburgh. Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAll the world loves a penguin,\u201d noted English explorer Apsley Cherry-Garrard, who lived to tell the tale of Robert Falcon Scott\u2019s deadly Antarctic expedition of 1910, in his classic account, The Worst Journey in the World<\/em>. \u201cI think it is because in many respects they are like ourselves, and in some respects what we should like to be.\u201d Penguins are physically courageous, maternally inclined, intensely curious, and proud. \u201cThey are extraordinarily like children,\u201d Cherry-Garrard wrote of Adelie penguins, \u201cthese little people of the Antarctic world, either like children or like old men, full of their own importance.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps that\u2019s why children are so enthralled by penguins, their spiritual counterparts. The international pop stars Harry Styles and Ed Sheeran got complementary penguin tattoos after a night of drinking, both men honoring Pingu Penguin, the stop-motion, anthropomorphic emperor penguin of the children\u2019s show Pingu<\/em>, which first aired in Switzerland before emigrating to the larger world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Musician John McVie found the penguins at the London Zoo so enchanting as a young man that his band, Fleetwood Mac, in 1973 named their eighth studio album Penguin<\/em> and adopted the bird as their mascot. McVie\u2014with his then wife and bandmate, Christine\u2014donated a penguin to the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo before a concert in that city in 1977. \u201cEver since I\u2019ve known him, John has enjoyed penguins,\u201d Christine McVie, who passed away in 2022, said. \u201cHe was always taking pictures of them at the zoo.\u201d Fans sent him stuffed penguins, penguins appeared on the band\u2019s liner notes and album art. John McVie had a penguin tattooed to his right forearm. \u201cIt got a little out of hand,\u201d Christine said, but Penguinmania tends to do that. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPenguins are habit forming,\u201d wrote Roger Tory Peterson. The artist and author who produced the first field guide to birds, in 1935, and became the world\u2019s most famous birdwatcher, nevertheless retained a special affinity for these birds that cannot fly. \u201cI am an addict,\u201d confessed Peterson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And yet \u201cflightless bird\u201d is not quite the right epithet for penguins. \u201cPenguins do<\/em> fly, in a sense,\u201d Peterson noted, \u201cbut in a medium heavier than air.\u201d They are strong, beautiful swimmers, porpoising through frigid waters, shiny as seals, diving for fish and squid. Researchers at the University of California report that emperor penguins can stay underwater, breath held, for 27 minutes. Diving as deep as 1,600 feet, they slow their heart rates to 10 beats per minute. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his physical prime, Olympic champion Michael Phelps could swim as fast as six miles per hour. Gentoo penguins can swim 22 miles per hour. In short, penguins\u2014often depicted as wobbly bowling pins\u2014are extraordinary athletes. But they are so much more than that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

McVie, Sheeran, and Styles notwithstanding, one of the most famous depictions of penguins is inked on spines, not arms\u2014specifically on the orange spines of paperbacks published by Penguin, purveyor of soft-cover classics, whose British founder, Allen Lane, wanted a mascot in 1935 for his new venture. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lane sent 21-year-old Edward Young to the London Zoo for inspiration, and the young designer returned with a sketch of a bird that fit the bill. A long, thin, pointed bill, as it turned out. For books that are upmarket but inexpensive, Lane wanted a mascot that was both \u201cdignified and flippant.\u201d The penguin is both of those.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dignified? Many of the 18 species of penguin appear to wear tuxedoes. (The much-circulated notion that penguin<\/em> in Mandarin Chinese translates as \u201cbusiness goose\u201d is the kind of urban legend we wish were true but isn\u2019t.) The penguin\u2019s tuxedo\u2014called countershading\u2014serves as camouflage from predators. Viewed from above, a penguin\u2019s black back blends in with the ocean water, while viewed from below, its white belly resembles the sunlit surface of the sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flippant? A rockhopper penguin has what is often described as a punk-rock hairdo\u2014a multicolored mohawk crest that would have looked at home at CBGBs circa 1977. Penguins are waddling contradictions\u2014black-and-white punks in tuxedoes, flightless birds who soar in water. They contain multitudes. Penguins are at once noble (think of the emperor in winter, standing stoic while protecting the egg of his offspring) and<\/em> adorable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

They are wobbling purveyors of happiness. Robin Williams, who grew to love penguins while voicing the rockhopper penguin Lovelace in the animated film Happy Feet<\/em>, was struck by their communal nature. \u201cThe sheer connection that they show for each other is very powerful,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd they look so cute\u2014until you get them in person, and then if they overheat their eyes get red and they peck you. You have to keep them in a certain temperature zone. But I think people love the fact that they\u2019re so true and loyal and playful.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In their family dynamics\u2014stay-at-home fathers, working mothers, coparenting couples devoted to their children, same-sex couples\u2014they are models of the modern family, and have been for centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Picasso painted a penguin in two brush strokes in 1907 and Le Pingouin<\/em>\u2014like the penguin more broadly\u2014still delights people. Is it any wonder why? The penguin is regal and comical, opera and slapstick, pathos and joy. The greatest film comedian of the silent era\u2014and perhaps of any era\u2014was accused of stealing his entire screen persona from this magnificent bird. Charlie Chaplin disavowed the connection, but in his walk, in his black-and-white plumage, in his continued dignity despite ridiculous circumstances, Chaplin was at the very least penguin-adjacent. And like the penguin, Chaplin made people happy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the English philosopher John Ruskin found himself in \u201cstates of disgust and fury\u201d at the 19th-century world, he would \u201cgo to the British Museum and look at Penguins till I get cool,\u201d as he wrote in a letter to Harvard professor Charles Eliot Norton on November 4, 1860. \u201cI find at present penguins are the only comfort in life. One feels everything in the world so sympathetically ridiculous, one can\u2019t be angry when one looks at a Penguin.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And yet plenty of people have looked upon them with indifference, malevolence, or desperation. The earliest known recorded sighting of a penguin was likely by Alvaro Velho, sailing around the Cape of Good Hope with the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1497. In his account of that trip, Velho described a bird, flightless and apparently unfeathered, \u201cas big as a duck\u201d but braying like a jackass. As Velho casually noted: \u201cWe slaughtered as many as we could.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Penguins have been imperiled almost ever since. For centuries, their blubber was used by whalers as fuel. In the 20th century, Peruvian penguin guano was a lucrative, nutrient-rich fertilizer, and the mining of fossilized penguin poop imperiled the colonies that lived atop several centuries of their forebears\u2019 dung. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In early expeditions to Antarctica\u2014before the practice was made illegal\u2014explorers fed penguins to their sled dogs, and in desperation to themselves. In the natural food chain, the leopard seal and killer whale prey on penguins in the water. On land, their eggs and chicks are vulnerable to skuas and giant petrels. But modern-day penguin populations are primarily imperiled by roundabout means of human predation: oil spills, marine pollution, commercial overfishing, and, above all else, the climate crisis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no reliable census of the number of penguins in the world\u2014the figure is in the tens of millions\u2014but almost all of them live in the Southern Hemisphere, perhaps 20 million breeding pairs in the Antarctic region alone. As many as half of all penguin species are endangered. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

March of the Penguins<\/em> won the 2006 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature, enchanting a global audience with the extraordinary lives of emperor penguins trekking to their breeding grounds from the sea and back again, living a flipper-to-mouth existence on Antarctica, in the harshest conditions on earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDespite their charm and worldwide popularity,\u201d notes the aviation conservation charity BirdLife International, \u201cthey are marching toward extinction.\u201d But that march is not inexorable, and humans can still prevent the slow fade to black-and-white of a flightless bird, found on and around four continents, in polar and equatorial climates, in 18 different species, each of which is special in its own way. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Here are a selection of images from LIFE’s new special issue Penguins: Their Extraordinary World<\/em><\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

<\/p>\n

Cover image by Tui De Roy\/Minden Pictures<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

Adelie penguins leapt off a floating iceberg in Antarctica.<\/p>\n

Patrick J. Endres\/Corbis\/Getty<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

A family of Emperor Penguins; the Emperors are the largest penguins on Earth.<\/p>\n

Education Images\/Universal Images Group\/Getty<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

African Penguins are an endangered species, with a population below 50,000.<\/p>\n

Juergen Christine Sohns\/imageBROKER\/Shutterstock<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

A scene from the 2006 film Happy Feet.<\/p>\n

Warner Bros\/Kobal\/Shutterstock<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

Burgess Meredith played the villainous Penguin on the Batman television series, 1966.<\/p>\n

Alamy Stock Photo<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\n
\n \"\"\n
\n

Mario Lemieux, star of the NHL’s Pittsburgh Penguins, posed at the Pittsburgh Zoo & Aquarium, 1984.<\/p>\n

Lane Stewart\/Sports Illustrated\/Getty<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The following is from the introduction to LIFE’s new special issue Penguins: Their Extraordinary World, available at newsstands and online: You never forget your first penguin. Mine stood atop a white slab of ice, the tuxedoed groom on a wedding cake, looking back at our passing ship slicing through the Drake Passage from Argentina to … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":5378003,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5377991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPenguins: Their Extraordinary World - LIFE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.life.com\/animals\/penguins-how-do-you-not-love-them\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Penguins: Their Extraordinary World - LIFE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The following is from the introduction to LIFE’s new special issue Penguins: Their Extraordinary World, available at newsstands and online: You never forget your first penguin. 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Mine stood atop a white slab of ice, the tuxedoed groom on a wedding cake, looking back at our passing ship slicing through the Drake Passage from Argentina to ... 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